VOLUME 89 NUMBER 15 8 APRIL 2008 EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION PAGES 141–148 Global Impacts of the 1600 Eruption of Peru’s Huaynaputina Volcano Witter and Self The human impacts of the 1815 eruption of Tambora volcano in eastern Indonesia [26] Another southeastward-opening landslide scar lies just north of Huaynaputina. "We knew it was a big eruption, we knew it was a cold year, and that's all we knew," Verosub said. [213] A further cold winter occurred in 1602–1603 in Ireland. Or view hourly updated newsfeeds in your RSS reader: Keep up to date with the latest news from ScienceDaily via social networks: Tell us what you think of ScienceDaily -- we welcome both positive and negative comments. [7] Ubinas is the most active volcano in Peru;[8] Huaynaputina, El Misti, Sabancaya, Ticsani, Tutupaca, Ubinas and Yucamane have been active in historical time, while Sara Sara, Coropuna, Ampato, Casiri and Chachani are considered to be dormant. [62] Their formation may have been stimulated by the entry of mafic magmas into the magmatic system;[57] such an entry of new magma in a volcanic system is often the trigger for explosive eruptions. The volcano has no prominent topographic expression. [179] Some indigenous people organized their own rituals which included feasting on whatever food and drink they had and battering dogs that were hanged alive. [20] The volcano has generally modest dimensions and rises less than 600 m (0.37 mi) above the surrounding terrain,[22] but the products of the volcano's 1600 eruption cover much of the region[23] especially west, north and south from the amphitheatre. [2] The lava dome Cerro El Volcán [36] and another small lava dome, Cerro Las Chilcas,[37] lie 3 km (1.9 mi) south from Huaynaputina. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. [60] The magmas erupted early during the 1600 event (in the first stage of the eruption) appear to have originated from depths of more than 20 km (12 mi);[55] petrological analysis indicates that some magmas came from depths greater than 15–25 km (9–16 mi) and others from shallower depths of about 4–6 km (2.5–3.7 mi). Occasionally the flows that reached the Pacific Ocean have been described as pyroclastic flows. [24] These include pyroclastic flow dunes that crop out from underneath the tephra. This is the case of the 1600 AD eruption of the Huaynaputina volcano that is considered the most ex-plosive eruption recorded in the Andes, in the last five hundred years of history [Thouret et al., 2002]. It has no prominent topographic expression and lies within a 2.5-km-wide (1.5 miles) depression formed by edifice collapse and further excavated by glaciers within an older edifice of Tertiary-to-Pleistocene age. [275], In 1601 Japan, Lake Suwa froze up considerably earlier than normal,[219] and flooding and continuous rains were accompanied by harvest failures. [46] A 40-by-60-kilometre (25 mi × 37 mi) magma reservoir may underpin this volcanic system. [14] The town of Omate lies 16 kilometres (10 mi) southwest of Huaynaputina. [199] The Huaynaputina eruption was probably unusually rich in sulfur compared to its volume. [219] In 1601–1603 the eruption led to a famine[262] after crops failed in 1601 and 1602; this is considered to be the worst famine of Russian history and claimed about two million lives, a third of the country's population. Huaynaputina, Peru . Have any problems using the site? [203] The vast tephra fallout of the eruption fell in part over the sea; the fertilizing effect of the tephra may have induced a draw-down of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Scientists Show What Loneliness Looks Like ... 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It is infamous for its catastrophic eruption in 19 February, 1600. [7] This horseshoe-shaped[17] structure opens eastwards[18] and is set in the older volcano[2] at an elevation of 4,400 m (14,400 ft). [282] The 1600 eruption is often used as a worst case scenario model for eruptions at Peruvian volcanoes. [215] Notably, the climate impacts became manifest only in 1601; perhaps in 1600 they were suppressed by a strong El Niño event.[216]. Southern Peru, Western Bolivia and Northern Chile). [51] An even larger amount of sulfur may have originated from a relic hydrothermal system that underpins the volcano, and whose accumulated sulfur would have been mobilized by the 1600 eruption;[55] some contradictions between the sulfur yield inferred from ice core data and these inferred from the magma composition can be resolved this way. , has been recorded as far as Antarctica spreading ash through the South American history 92... 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