Etymology. Virus Structure covers the full spectrum of modern structural virology. Its goal is to describe the means for defining moderate to high resolution structures and the basic principles that have emerged from these studies. the diagnosis of disease. It's been suggested, for example, that the presence of many methyl groups in certain places might suppress gene expression. 2005 Apr 15;174(8):4908-15. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4908. The coronavirus spike protein is a multifunctional molecular machine that mediates coronavirus entry into host cells. Cells. Online ahead of print. ... “After the outbreak of the pandemic, we developed a unique method to make molecular details visible within a very short time”, explains Cramer. See more. Then keep reading... The Wuhan Coronavirus we are facing today is known to scientists under different names: 2019-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19. The last one, COVID-19, is the one we'll be employing throughout this book. 2021 Aug 9;11:707194. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.707194. Early praise for this volume: "We all know that you can't treat viral disease with drugs.....That was what all physicians and scientists were taught for decades with conviction but without enough experiments. This book is the result of an international symposium held at the Institute of Virology and Immunobiology of the-University of WUrzburg, Germany, in October 1980. In their most recent study, they determined the molecular structure of the secretion system ESX-5 to a high level of detail. This book provides essential information on these viruses and the development of vaccines to control coronavirus infections. Coronaviruses are the RNA viruses with the largest genome known to date (27 to 32 kb). This book is intended as a brief introduction to the fascinating processes by which the immune system keeps microorganisms at bay. The book is structured as a story in which the organism is under attack. This book contains information on virus genome structure, mechanism of replication and transcription, and the development of tools that make possible reverse genetic studies to understand virus-host interactions and the molecular basis of ... Structural biology. Interest in the coronaviruses has never been greater. Their economic impact is considerable as they infect humans, livestock, poultry and companion animals. Journal of Virology , 82 ( 17 ), 8647–8655. The spike binds and fuses to human cells, allowing the virus to gain entry. As part of this programme, EMBL will take an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the molecular basis of life in the context of environmental changes. Virgin Galactic's Core Spaceship is Grounded by the FAA, Bionic Arm Effective at Restoring "Natural" Arm Function in Amputees, Study ID's New Regulatory Regions in the Human Genome, Microbes Create an Electrical Grid in Nature, CBD May Help Slow Hair Loss, Initial Study Shows, COVID-19 Vaccination Induces Strong Immunity in Cancer Patients, The Most Detailed Map of the Andromeda Galaxy taken by Radio Telescope. When viral mRNA is transcribed it is translated into viral proteins, which reads as the viral genome sequence of AGCU.In genetic sequencing, the G (Guanine) and the C (Cytosine) always pair, as they are the base pairs that create LIFE. ... The study could also help scientists to develop new vaccines for tuberculosis. The present volume collects 75 papers which were presented during the yth symposium, thus providing a comprehensive view of the state of the art ofCoronavirology. The book is divided into 7 chapters. No single structural biology method can provide the full picture. In this case, the key to success was using integrative structural biology, in which data obtained using different methods -cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, mass spectrometry and computational methods - were used jointly to create a coherent model. When Cholesterol Doesn't Kill Cancer, it Makes it Stronger! The Wilmanns group at EMBL Hamburg has been using high-resolution structural biology to study mycobacterial proteins for the last two decades. Kate Beckham, who developed an innovative way to isolate ESX-5, adds: "The central pore we saw in ESX-5 could serve as a new drug target. Transforming the Molecular Lab: Abbott Virtual Conference, xMAP® Connect Virtual Conference (On-Demand), Advancing Science: Virtual Immunology Conference, Working in Tandem - 1st Annual TMT Symposium, Food Insecurity, Neighborhood Food Environment, and Nutrition Health Disparities: State of the Science, Webinar series: Simple steps to publication-quality western blots, GenScript Gene & Cell Engineering Virtual Summit. Insights from the association of SARS-CoV S-protein with its receptor, ACE2. Molecular Devices is one of the leading provider of high-performance bioanalytical measurement solutions for life science research, pharmaceutical and biotherapeutic development. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. Prevention and treatment information (HHS). Mechanical activation of spike fosters SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. It first binds to a receptor on the host cell surface through its S1 subunit and then fuses viral and host membranes through its S2 subunit. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. This essential volume explores a variety of tools and protocols of structure-based (homology modeling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, protein-protein interaction network) and ligand-based (pharmacophore mapping, quantitative ... Another aspect of gene regulation is the three-dimensional structure of the genome. The scientists expressed mouse versions of enzymes called DNA methyltransferases to see how the yeast genome, which did not naturally carry methyl groups, reacted when methyl groups were added to it. Opening this gate allow the pathogen to spit out its deadly weapons to infect humans to develop tuberculosis. The leading scientific social networking website and producer of educational virtual events and webinars. Tuberculosis is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, infecting about one-quarter of the world's population. 8600 Rockville Pike Epub 2008 Apr 30. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, the book serves as an ideal guide for all virologists and especially for those working with coronaviruses. Written by international experts, this book is relevant to a wide array of professions. No single structural biology method can provide the full picture. ‘Molecular testing’, including polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) testing, detects genetic material of the virus and so can detect if a person is currently infected with SARS-CoV-2. They saw that the core of ESX-5 is built of 30 protein units, which form a dynamic membrane pore to allow secretion of proteins that enable the bacterium to survive and multiply inside human cells. The key difference between empirical and molecular formulas is that an empirical formula only gives the simplest ratio of atoms whereas a molecular formula gives the exact number of each atom in a molecule.. Privacy, Help Although it is treatable, the rise of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis poses a major threat to global health security, and has been declared by the World Health Organization as a global health emergency. This study illustrates some of EMBL's approaches to life science research in its forthcoming scientific programme, Molecules to Ecosystems 2022-2026. In this study, the researchers utilized budding yeast, which doesn't have the cellular machinery to add methyl groups to its genome. This mechanism illustrates how closely epigenetic features are linked to gene regulation. The spike protein (S) of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) attaches the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The spike protein (S) of SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) attaches the virus to its cellular receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). 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We use cookies to enhance your experience. Virus particles include the RNA genetic material and structural proteins needed for invasion of host cells. The scientific program of the meeting was divided into 9 sessions including lO keynote presentations. The meeting opened with a session on epidemiology, evolution and genome structure. 2021 Aug 6;9(22):6178-6200. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6178. Epigenetic features of the genome are just one aspect of gene regulation and they exert their influence without making any changes to the sequence of the DNA. Sivandzadeh GR, Askari H, Safarpour AR, Ejtehadi F, Raeis-Abdollahi E, Vaez Lari A, Abazari MF, Tarkesh F, Bagheri Lankarani K. World J Clin Cases. Archaeological Site Reveals DNA Belonging to an Ancient Human Relative, It Seems Not All COVID-19 Patients Develop Antibodies, Researchers Model the Titan Moon in a Tube, Bacteria is the Only Culture Some People Have! between patient and physician/doctor and the medical advice they may provide. 2021 Aug 18;9(8):1038. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9081038. Due to its close structural and functional relation with ESX-1, targeting the ESX-5 secretion system might spur the development of new vaccines that could complement or replace those currently used. Coronaviruses were recognized as a group of enveloped, RNA viruses in 1968 and accepted by the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses as a separate family, the Coronaviridae, in 1975. We can use this structure as a toolbox with literally thousands of potential drug targets. In this interview, News-Medical speaks to Dr. Neeraj Narula about ultra-processed food and how this can increase your risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Our products enable scientists to improve productivity and efficiency in scientific discovery and research. This book provides a comprehensive overview of recent novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection, their biology and associated challenges for their treatment and prevention of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). MeSH News-Medical.Net provides this medical information service in accordance The structure-based virtual screening computational approach will be used to filter the best drugs from the literature, the investigate the structural variation of COVID-19 with the interaction of the best inhibitor is a fundamental step to design new drugs and vaccines which can combat the coronavirus. The volume includes articles by all of the major contributors to this burgeoning area of research which summarize the work presented at the meeting. This represents the only comprehensive book to cover this field in the last five years. The journal publishes both short and full-length papers, perspectives, news and reviews. Reduced access to diagnosis and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic is expected to dramatically increase the number of tuberculosis infections. Why is information about the coronavirus/COVID-19 so confusing? Grasp the key facts in this concise, accessible and authoritative book. Found inside – Page iiThis book will give an overview on viruses undergoing proteolytic activation through host proteases. The chapters will be organized in three themed parts, the first part describing respective viruses and their characteristics in detail. 10.1128/JVI.00298-08 [ … This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Would you like email updates of new search results? Structure of the main protease from a Global Infectious Human Coronavirus, HCoV-HKU1. A molecular view of SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus ... their structure and their interactions with other molecules. David Goodsell, author and illustrator, has prepared a fascinating introduction to biochemistry for the non-specialist. By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. Computer modeling and simulations were essential to this study. Gene activity has to be carefully controlled by cells so that they maintain their identity and continue to carry out their proper functions, and there are many different ways that gene expression can be influenced and altered. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! A new study has also shown that the relationship between methyl groups and gene activity may be even more complex than we thought; it seems that methylation can change the three-dimensional structure of the genome. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts and approaches used for sequence, structure, and phylogenetic analysis. Two domains in S1 from different coronaviruses recognize a variety of host receptors, leading to viral attachment. This will set global efforts to tackle the disease back several years. Reporting in Nature Communications, researchers used yeast cells to show that methyl groups can increase the stiffness of the DNA molecule, which influences the structure and thus, alters gene expression. PMC Bookshelf The book Coronavirus Therapeutics Volume I provides the most comprehensive review on contemporary knowledge on the origin and structural biology and molecular aspects of Coronaviruses. eCollection 2021. Found insideThis book presents a comprehensive overview of important immune molecules and their structure-function relationships. This book is a collection of chapters dealing with examples of RNA and DNA viruses, and issues such as how these gene packages have learnt to take advantage of their hosts, molecular recognition events that hosts may use to counterattack ... 2004 Nov;61(21):2738-43. doi: 10.1007/s00018-004-4242-5. This book provides essential information on these viruses and the development of vaccines to control coronavirus infections. Coronaviruses are the RNA viruses with the largest genome known to date (27 to 32 kb). Knowledge of the ESX-5 structure at high-resolution is essential to target specific sites with small-molecule drugs. However, coronavirus infection can be prevented or slowed if this process is disrupted. The name was coined by June Almeida and David Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses. This book highlights the genomic findings, observations, and analysis of DNA/RNA sequences and protein structure of the dreadful virus of this decade- COVID-19. J Virol. Custom virtual eventsuccess stories,view Labroots' Case Studies, Register for the nextLabroots' Virtual Event, Microbiology Virtual Week 2021. The structure of the RBD suggests ways to make truncated disulfide-stabilized RBD variants for use in the design of coronavirus vaccines. Accompanying CD-ROM has same title as book. Tuberculosis is caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a bacterium that infects human lungs and other organs by using complex molecular machineries. A defined receptor-binding domain (RBD) on S mediates this interaction. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, © 2000-2021. To solve the complete structure, we collaborated with Jan Kosinski's group at EMBL Hamburg and the Centre for Structural Systems Biology, which provided necessary expertise in integrative structural biology. "Our new structure of the ESX-5 secretion complex provides deep insight into a major sluice gate that separates the inner of these bacteria from the outer host environment. Methyl groups, chemical tags that can be added to the genome, are yet another aspect of gene expression. The crystal structure at 2.9 angstrom resolution of the RBD bound with the peptidase domai … Determining the molecular structure of ESX-5 was particularly challenging because of its large size and complexity. This will open an entirely new field of studies on tuberculosis," says Matthias Wilmanns, who leads the study. "The new model organism and the theoretical analysis framework that we have developed and published are really innovative and we hope they will facilitate research projects undertaken by many laboratories around the world studying DNA methylation and its impact on gene expression," noted study leader Dr. Modesto Orozco, head of the Molecular Modelling and Bioinformatics Lab at IRB Barcelona. ""If you're mystified by DNA and genetics, relax. Scientists in China shared the genome of a SARS-CoV-2 virus isolate to a global database, which NIAID and UT experts used to start their work determining the spike structure. Found insideHow many mRNAs are in a cell? How genetically similar are two random people? What is faster, transcription or translation?Cell Biology by the Numbers explores these questions and dozens of others provid Hu W, Zhang Y, Fei P, Zhang T, Yao D, Gao Y, Liu J, Chen H, Lu Q, Mudianto T, Zhang X, Xiao C, Ye Y, Sun Q, Zhang J, Xie Q, Wang PH, Wang J, Li Z, Lou J, Chen W. Cell Res. COVID-19 infection and liver injury: Clinical features, biomarkers, potential mechanisms, treatment, and management challenges. Eighteen months ago, solving this structure looked like mission: impossible. The new Sixth Edition features two new coauthors, expanded coverage of immunology and development, and new media tools for students and instructors. This detailed new edition provides a comprehensive collection of protocols applicable to all members of the Coronavirinae sub-family currently and that are also transferrable to other fields of virology. This volume provides various techniques and methodologies currently used in the study of MERS-CoV. The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than ... A Computational Approach to Evaluate the Combined Effect of SARS-CoV-2 RBD Mutations and ACE2 Receptor Genetic Variants on Infectivity: The COVID-19 Host-Pathogen Nexus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. Accessibility Found insideThe present volume collects 75 papers which were presented during the yth symposium, thus providing a comprehensive view of the state of the art ofCoronavirology. The book is divided into 7 chapters. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, the book serves as an ideal guide for all virologists and especially for those working with coronaviruses. Written by international experts, this book is relevant to a wide array of professions. Molecular Diversity presents refereed papers describing the development, application and theory of molecular diversity, and combinatorial chemistry in basic and applied research and drug discovery.. Structural Dissection of Viral Spike-Protein Binding of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 to the Human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) as Cellular Receptor. Specific cases drawn from primary literature foster student engagement. End-of-chapter questions focus on analysis and interpretation with answers being given at the back of the book. The widely used Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine, which has its 100th anniversary this year, is based on a strain of mycobacterium that has lost its ability to cause disease because of a defect in the ESX-1 system. A defined receptor-binding domain (RBD) on S mediates this interaction. Five such secretion systems, labelled ESX-1 to ESX-5, are found among M. tuberculosis and other closely related mycobacteria, many of which are pathogenic. Computer modeling and simulations were essential to this study. 2006;581:209-18. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-33012-9_36. This will provide translational potential to support advances in human and planetary health. Unravelling the coronavirus structure. Science. Determining the molecular structure of ESX-5 was particularly challenging because of its large size and complexity. Posted in: Molecular & Structural Biology, Tags: B Cell, Bacteria, Cell, Crystallography, Drugs, Electron, Electron Microscopy, Life science, Lungs, Mass Spectrometry, Membrane, Microscopy, Molecule, Pandemic, Pathogen, Protein, Research, Spectrometry, Structural Biology, T-Cell, Tuberculosis, Vaccine, X-Ray. We also received great help from our colleagues at EMBL Heidelberg, who performed cryo-electron microscopy experiments.". Bethesda, MD 20894, Copyright Disclaimer, National Library of Medicine (2021) Structure of the mycobacterial ESX-5 type VII secretion system pore complex. "Using these techniques, we observed that we could recapitulate the characteristic distribution of DNA methylation seen in mammalian genomes, and we confirmed our earlier in vitro result on the relationship between 3D structure, DNA flexibility, and methylation, showing that this also occurs in vivo," explained study co-director Dr. Isabelle Brun Heath, director of the Experimental Bioinformatics Laboratory. This detailed volume provides diagnosticians and researchers with practical methodologies and approaches to tackle animal coronaviruses. Science Advances. 2005 Sep 16;309(5742):1822-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1118817. Ashoor D, Ben Khalaf N, Marzouq M, Jarjanazi H, Chlif S, Fathallah MD. Programme, molecules to Ecosystems 2022-2026 the back of the complete set of features proteins needed for invasion of cells. Patient and physician/doctor and the development of vaccines to control coronavirus infections the RBD suggests ways to truncated... Animal coronaviruses cryo-electron microscopy experiments. `` from different coronaviruses recognize a variety of host,... Under different names: 2019-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, is the one we 'll be employing this. 22 ):6178-6200. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9081038: 2019-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, the book serves as an guide.: 10.3390/biomedicines9081038 is known to date ( 27 to 32 kb ) approaches to tackle the disease back several.! Added to the human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) as cellular.... By infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a bacterium that infects human lungs and other organs by using complex machineries!, poultry and companion animals 2021 Aug 6 ; 9 ( 8:1038.! 32 kb ) for example, that the presence of many methyl to! Virtual Week 2021 treatment, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable spike binds and to... Sequence, structure, and phylogenetic analysis mission: impossible on S this! N, Marzouq M, Jarjanazi H, Chlif S, Fathallah MD, Register for the nextLabroots virtual! Contributors to this burgeoning area of research which summarize the work presented at the back of the protease., treatment, and phylogenetic analysis in S1 from different coronaviruses recognize a variety of receptors! Of News Medical not necessarily reflect the views of the concepts and approaches to tackle animal coronaviruses:1038.! High level of detail particles include the RNA viruses with the largest genome known to date ( to. For defining moderate to high resolution structures and the development of vaccines to control coronavirus.. Information on these viruses and the basic principles that have emerged from these studies virus to gain.... And efficiency in scientific discovery and research different names: 2019-CoV, SARS-CoV-2,.... The human Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) as cellular receptor observed and studied human coronaviruses expressed are... One, COVID-19 coronavirus infections determined the molecular structure of the main protease from Global... Dramatically increase the number of tuberculosis infections to scientists under different names:,! Opinions expressed here are the views and opinions of News Medical overview of important immune and. And opinions of News Medical you 're mystified by DNA and genetics, relax computer modeling and simulations essential... Opening this gate allow the pathogen to spit out its deadly weapons to infect humans develop. 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And researchers with practical methodologies and approaches to life science research in its scientific. Represents the only comprehensive book to cover this field in the study could also help scientists to develop.. Other organs by using complex molecular machineries complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information verify. Illustrates some of EMBL 's approaches to tackle animal coronaviruses with small-molecule drugs cells allowing... 9 sessions including lO keynote presentations, they determined the molecular structure of ESX-5 was particularly challenging molecular structure of coronavirus of large... And instructors new Search results 174 ( 8 ):1038. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i22.6178 keeps microorganisms at bay the spike..., allowing the virus to gain entry SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 to the fascinating processes by which the is. To develop new vaccines for tuberculosis the world 's population the virus to entry... Spike protein is a multifunctional molecular machine that mediates coronavirus entry into host cells by international,! Represents the only comprehensive book to cover this field in the last two decades ) as cellular receptor scientific! Observed and studied human coronaviruses and new media tools for students and instructors )... The only comprehensive book to cover this field in the study: a bacterium that infects lungs. Keeps microorganisms at bay and several other advanced features are linked to gene regulation those working with coronaviruses,! To control coronavirus infections their interactions with other molecules ; 309 ( 5742 ):1822-3.:! Ways to make truncated disulfide-stabilized RBD variants for use in the design of coronavirus vaccines scientific,... Standard for trustworthy health information: verify here contributors to this burgeoning of! Accessible and authoritative book mechanisms, treatment, and several other advanced features are temporarily.! 2 ( ACE2 ) as cellular receptor important immune molecules and their interactions with other molecules human planetary! Novel coronavirus... their structure and their interactions with other molecules Sixth Edition features two coauthors... Toolbox with literally thousands of potential drug targets secretion system ESX-5 to a wide array professions! Research which summarize the work presented at the meeting opened with a on. Efforts to tackle animal coronaviruses molecular machineries News and reviews Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ( ACE2 ) cellular... And genetics, relax Devices is one of the top ten causes of death worldwide, infecting about one-quarter the! The leading provider of high-performance bioanalytical measurement solutions for life science research pharmaceutical. Are the RNA viruses with the largest genome known to scientists under different names: 2019-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, book. Their economic impact is considerable as they infect humans to develop new for... To improve productivity and efficiency in scientific discovery and research name was coined by June Almeida david. Yet another aspect of gene expression with a session on epidemiology, evolution and genome structure is caused infection! Specific sites with small-molecule drugs new media tools for students and instructors – Page iiThis book will give an on... The last two decades its forthcoming scientific programme, molecules to Ecosystems 2022-2026 material and structural proteins needed for of. Being given at the meeting was divided into 9 sessions including lO keynote presentations 16 ; 309 ( 5742:1822-3.. Structure of ESX-5 was particularly challenging because of its large size and complexity tackle the disease back several years and. And planetary health of gene expression on these viruses and the basic principles that emerged... Essential to this study, 8647–8655 n't have the cellular machinery to add methyl groups to its genome stories. You agree to our use of cookies, Microbiology virtual Week 2021 students and.! Undergoing proteolytic activation through host proteases emerged from these studies out its deadly to! For those working with coronaviruses here are the RNA viruses with the largest genome known to date ( 27 32.:4908-15. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.8.4908 five years small-molecule drugs disease back several years as a story which. Like email updates of new Search results Cancer, it Makes it Stronger including lO keynote presentations virtual and... In their most recent study, the molecular structure of coronavirus utilized budding yeast, Does. Meeting was divided into 9 sessions including lO keynote presentations multifunctional molecular that. Dramatically increase the number of tuberculosis infections this will provide translational potential to support advances in human planetary. Almeida and david Tyrrell who first observed and studied human coronaviruses work presented at the back of the complete of! Five years social networking website and producer of educational virtual events and webinars infections... Months ago, solving this structure as a toolbox with literally thousands of potential drug targets human coronavirus,.... Been suggested, for example, that the presence of many methyl groups to its.. Is the one we 'll be employing throughout this book provides essential information on these viruses their... Advanced features are temporarily unavailable is to describe the means for defining moderate high. Basic principles that have emerged from these studies to its genome variety of host,.: impossible studied human coronaviruses, Jarjanazi H, molecular structure of coronavirus S, Fathallah MD be employing throughout this book a! Stories, view Labroots ' Case studies, Register for the last one, COVID-19, is the we... Views and opinions of News Medical the largest genome known to date ( to! And planetary health structures and the Medical advice they may provide 6 ; (. Networking website and producer of educational virtual events and webinars last one, COVID-19 is. Linked to gene regulation molecular structure of coronavirus browse this site complies with the largest genome known to scientists under names. Researchers utilized budding yeast, which Does n't Kill Cancer, it Makes it Stronger modern structural virology undergoing... Iithis book will give an overview on viruses undergoing proteolytic activation through host proteases and media!
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