living cost calculator uk

Costoffliving is among the largest databases of information about the living cost in different countries and cities across the world. Follow the 4 simple steps below to calculate your household's reasonable living expenses in just a few quick clicks. Meal Plan. Costs will vary depending on your location and your lifestyle. A generous salary in one region can be lacking in another. Included. Get a monthly breakdown of how much you'll roughly need to live on for your university. Car Insurance. A cost of housing score of 1 indicates most expensive while a 10 represents cheapest. National Minimum Wage and Living Wage calculator for employers. Rent: The average rent that you will pay in UK varies depending on where you live and the type of accommodation you have. Summary of cost of living in York. A one-bedroom flat averages at £758 (~$1000 USD) per month if you’re in the city; £614 (~$810 USD) if you’re outside of the city. Which city offers the highest disposable income? Food, entertainment, accommodation and other day-to-day costs are likely to be lower than in many other parts of the UK. close. Still choosing a uni? Cost of living in the UK can put a massive strain on your capacity to save and invest. Maximum final year Maintenance Loan for … The cost of living for expatriates in UK as at July 2021 is high in comparison to other places in the world, with an overall Cost of Living Index (COLI), for all 13 basket groups, of 78.4 (New York =100). Many websites and indexes exist to help people calculate and compare the cost of living in different areas. New York therefore has a COLI of 100 for global comparison purposes. London is of one the top city in UK, the city is also known for its culture, traditions and job opportunities that welcomes expats & students for jobs and education. Those include the quality of schools, cost of living index, salary comparisons, and more. So I figured, why not analyse the cost of living in the most popular UK cities to figure out… 1. Budgeting your finances to last all year is vital. Which city has the lowest cost of living? Compare salary, cost of living allowance standards in any country and any city here. You can enter an amount and our built-in Cost of Living Calculator will determine how much more (or less) you would need to maintain the same standard of living if you are relocating to another city. On average, hiring professional movers for a local move will cost from $300 to $1,500 depending on the size of the move. Maximum final year Maintenance Loan for the 2020/21 academic year. Since the costs vary across the UK, it is hard to pinpoint the exact cost of living. emergency care are free for everyone. Cost of living Estimator. These estimates are based on data that may have some inconsistencies at the moment. You have to pay it back. Gas & Electric. That being said, the recent shift to remote working and the loss of financial sector jobs due to Brexit have been driving down prices. Couple. of each individual, but you still need to be prepared financially. 33,112. This calculator allows you to compare the cost of living in different locations. It's probably no surprise that rent takes the biggest chunk out of the student budget. 2 Chart assumes 12 credit hours per term. The average cost of living in the US is $20,194 per person a year. Having an estimate of the cost of living in the UK on hand would make your educational experience in a foreign country all the more enjoyable! Spain has always been well known for generally having much lower living costs than the UK. Use our calculator to find out if your salary is keeping pace with inflation. To do this we first calculate average living expenses based on your current location and desired location. Outgoings. A$1000 = £588. However, it is possible to offer some very approximate amounts to give you an idea how much money you are likely to need. Cardiff has the second-lowest monthly rent of all the UK's university cities. The answer depends considerably on where you are planning to buy. 2. While in the Balearic Islands or in other exclusive areas of the main cities prices do not go below one million euros; this is not the general rule. Simply enter your location and annual income to find out the true cost of living in your city. People living on their own may find it harder to build up savings. around £2.44 for a cup of coffee, from a high street café. Planning Application Fees: £335. Now pick up a pen, a paper, and a calculator and plan your monthly budget. I’ll help you calculate the REAL cost of your study abroad semester with this step-by-step guide. Knowing the cost of living is vital when preparing to study abroad. It may be more if your energy costs … 2021 to 2022 academic year. Insurance. 20.23 £. Expected Annual Cost of Living Increase. All other data: Living Costs and Food Survey (2014, 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18) from the Office for National Statistics, showing the median expenditure for students in the UK, with figures adjusted for inflation and omitting those who didn’t spend anything on a particular cost category. It may be more if your energy costs … … Up to £9,488. WARNING! A one-bedroom flat averages at £758 (~$1000 USD) per month if you’re in the city; £614 (~$810 USD) if you’re outside of the city. Compare the cost of living in Baton Rouge, LA vs. Dallas, TX and see how far your salary will go to maintain your standard of living. Housing costs play a role in an area’s cost of living, but it’s far from the only factor. costs around $200-$400 per week. Living costs. Our inflation calculator works for amounts between £1 and £1,000,000,000,000 (£1 trillion). of each individual, but you still need to be prepared financially. Based on my personal experience, as well as data from Numbeo and Expatisan, the average cost of living in London per month in 2021 is £840 for a single person–excluding rent. Do you go out and do you drink coffee in restaurants and cafes. (Best place to … Cost of living: Hand gel in, white chocolate out. Cost of living in the UK can put a massive strain on your capacity to save and invest. Each year of an undergraduate course usually consists of three terms of eight weeks each but you may need to be in Oxford for longer. Insurance and finances. Calculate the amount you will need to show for your immigration application by reading the information about maintenance requirements.. You can also read about opening a bank account in the UK and bank accounts and visas. According to data comparison website Expatistan, the average UK cost of living is: £2,249 per month for a single person; and. You can find out the exact value of your money in GBP, using an online currency converter - but here’s a rough guide: $1000 = £774. As one of the world’s leading global cities, London is especially culturally diverse and provides its inhabitants with plenty of entertainment, dining, and career advancement opportunities. The COLI for the most expensive cities in Europe is the result of dividing each locations cost of living by the cost of living in New York NY (USA) using all 13 basket groups. Cost of Living in Spain vs the UK. cost of living in the uk This booklet has been compiled from a number of internet sources which are available to members of the public in any country to access and use. Cost of living calculator United Kingdom Knowing the cost of living is vital when preparing to study abroad. One parent. from £10 a month for a mobile phone contract. Long distance movers will cost on average $2,400 – $5,600 depending on the size of the move and the distance. Family of four estimated monthly costs: £3,488. The cost of living will of course depend on the individual situation (and tastes!) There is no full-time tuition cap for UKOnline undergraduate certificate and degree programs. This includes a minimal amount required for travelling and transport, social and cultural activities and clothing. How to Calculate Your Cost of LivingDetermine Your Monthly Expenses. One of the first steps in calculating your cost of living is to determine your regular expenses. ...Review Your Payroll Deductions. ...Calculate Your Monthly Spending. ...Formulas. ...Build In Emergencies. ...Plan for the Future. ...Cost-of-Living Calculators. ... Cost of Living Calculator 2021. Get a monthly breakdown of how much you'll roughly need to live on for your university. ECA's Cost of Living Calculator comes as part of a data subscription, allowing users to look up their data and explore different options for applying indices for reliable and consistent salary calculations. 50.57 £. Your living costs will vary significantly dependent on your lifestyle. Compare Cities on over a dozen categories and 100s of items. In today’s post, we provide you with a monthly breakdown of living costs in the UK, from accommodation to travel costs. calculator. Summary of cost of living in United Kingdom. The Cost of Living Calculator requires the following inputs: 1.) After you submit these two figures, you can press the calculate button, and this financial calculator will show the expected increase in your cost of living … Living and studying abroad as part of your UK course. 15 % Off ^ On your first year’s premium for a new policy purchased online. We use the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and salary differentials of over 300+ US cities to give you a comparison of costs and salary. Cardiff came second in the 2020 Natwest Student Living Index for monthly rental costs in UK university cities, and twelfth in terms of overall living costs. SZL The calculator increases the cost in 1975 by the change in prices between 1975 and 1985 with this formula: Cost in 1985 = Cost in 1975 x (1985 price index / 1975 price index) £65.33 = £23.60 x (373.2 / 134.8) So the cost in 1985 of the same goods and services has risen to £65.33. The cost of housing in Wales is less expensive than United Kingdom average and earns a score of 6 out of 10. Online salary comparison calculator to compare the cost of living standards in United Kingdom, London and Switzerland, Zurich. 31,830. And determine how much you 'll need to make to maintain your current standard of living. Our exclusive and meticulously-designed cost of living calculator is a one-shop-stop for all your budget-related queries pertaining to higher education abroad. Of those living alone, 35% say they would not be able to make ends meet for more than a month, compared with 14% of couples without children. 1 bedroom flat in city centre (monthly rent) Lunch for 2 (3 courses, mid range restaurant) Transportation (monthly pass) London, UK. Now on Zoopla whilst you search, you can view the running costs of a property* and get an idea of what you could expect to spend on monthly bills, including Water, Energy and Council Tax, and depending on if you’re buying or renting, mortgage payments or rental cost. Up to £10,539. Self Catered. Single. Cross-country moving costs will be significantly more than moving to a nearby state. New arrivals guide to the Cost of living in the UK and London. According to the council, “C2ER produces the Cost of … Student budgetcalculator. You can find out the exact value of your money in GBP, using an online currency converter - but here’s a rough guide: $1000 = £774. €1000 = £877. You’ll need to earn more than this, because the … The following are collected for use in determining the cost of housing score: square footage, monthly rent, home prices, and utilities. €1000 = £877. Family of four estimated monthly costs: £3,007. Every student's spending is different. World's first Trip Cost Calculator, offers a rough estimate of how much your Travel Cost will be for your family Vacation, lets you estimate the vacation cost of various Tourist destinations in your mind, based on the your selection of Train Prices or Flight Prices from the routes possible. Of those living alone, 35% say they would not be able to make ends meet for more than a month, compared with 14% of couples without children. Compare Cities. £838 to £1,307. The most popular comparisons are: Population, Cost of Living, Average Rent, Crime Rate, Tax Rates, Air Quality, Religion, Local Economy, Climate, and Weather. Make accurate and reliable cost of living comparisons between your area and other participating cities across the United States. Evaluate the profiles of two cities, looking at demographics, finances, economics, and other quality-of-life factors important to you. 30.34 £. A cost of housing score of 1 indicates most expensive while a 10 represents cheapest. See the average costs for now. To calculate your Overseas COLA rate, select the Year, Month, Period, Locality Name or Code, and Member Information from the drop-downs below. Use our cost of living calculator to estimate how much you will need to cover all your expenses as an international student. Meanwhile, the Money Advice Service puts the UK yearly average cost of living at a more conservative £14,945 (based on 2018 stats from the Office of National Statistics). Many people arrange their own care at home. Cost of living calculator United Kingdom. See comparisons of living expenses in Australia, the USA, UK, Europe and more. Begin calculating yours. cost of living in the uk This booklet has been compiled from a number of internet sources which are available to members of the public in any country to access and use. If there's anything you spend that we've … Cost … Use our cost of living calculator to estimate how much you will need to cover all your expenses as an international student. Let’s explore the step-by-step process of how it determines the total living cost of a study destination. Cost of Living in United Kingdom, London and Switzerland, Zurich. Having said that, it’s important to remember that expenses do vary depending on what car you use, the type of house you live in and the kind of food you eat – meaning that the majority of the online indexes are mostly estimates. Age 0-2. 1 Applies to exclusive enrollment in Distance Education Courses. It shows how much income is needed to buy a 'basket' of goods to let someone participate in society. Total Compensation Calculator. But the average income in Switzerland of 7124 USD is also 30% higher, which means that citizens can also afford more goods. 4 Room and Board Reduced to $3,362 If Living With Parents. Select how many children you have and in which age group. We use the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and salary differentials of over 300+ US cities to give you a comparison of costs and salary. High demand amid the pandemic for items such as hand sanitiser and loungewear mean they are now being used to calculate the cost of living … So I figured, why not analyse the cost of living in the most popular UK cities to figure out… 1. Ever wondered how much your annual total compensation package is from the university? Which city offers the highest disposable income? Click Calculate when complete. Current Cost of Living. Comparing basic cost of living. This estimator tries to estimate your monthly cost of living expenses using the following information about your household: Members of your household. Here's How: Print out a copy of the Annual Spending Worksheet Gather copies of all of your yearly bills. ... Fill in the annual cost for all of the expenses listed on the worksheet (skipping any that don't apply to you). Add any additional annual expenses not covered on the worksheet. More items... The calculator allows you to compare the cost of living and required salary adjustments … from £30 a month for travel. Calculate residential care costs, find out how the care cap could affect you and see if you're eligible for help with care fees. Living in the UK – particularly London, England – is expensive compared to many places in the world. 20.23 £. You can get an almost accurate estimate of the cost of living by using a living expenses calculator and a cost of living adjustment (COLA) calculator (COLA-adjustment to … These expenses are adjusted based on your annual income and household size. See the average costs for now. The cost of living will of course depend on the individual situation (and tastes!) In order to be able to buy the same amount of goods, your salary must increase by at least the same level as inflation. (Best place to live to FIRE) 3. Single person estimated monthly costs: £1,562. 10/10. Let us help you make an informed decision about what it will cost to live and work in the city of your dreams! For planning drawings from other sources expect to pay from £2,500-3,500, plus a similar figure for Building Regulations drawings. Compare Cost of Living Index data for cities around the world. The cost of housing in Wales is less expensive than United Kingdom average and earns a score of 6 out of 10. University and Student Finance on Which? Fields marked with * are required. £3,803 per month for a family of four. Budget calculator. Housing Costs. Total*. For example: around £20-£30 for the weekly shop. 70% of Kiwis have no medical insurance. Costs are based on 52 weeks in a calendar year. Our mortgage calculators can give you an idea of how much you could borrow and your monthly repayments, as well as overpayments, charges and more. Structural Engineers’ Fees: £400-500. 35% higher. People living on their own may find it harder to build up savings. Mortgage calculators. Which city has the lowest cost of living? One major area contributes to this fact, as rent is on average 33.19% lower in Spain than Britain. As you have savings over £23,250 you may need to pay full costs of your care. close. Design Fees: Architects charge 7-15% of the total build cost for a ser­vice involv­ing design and supervision. Moving.com knows there are many factors people consider when deciding where to live. They already provide a decent estimate but they are not currently bullet-proof. 1 bedroom flat in city centre (monthly rent) Lunch for 2 (3 courses, mid range restaurant) Transportation (monthly pass) London, UK. Allowances > Overseas Cost of Living Allowances (COLA) > Overseas COLA Calculator Overseas COLA Calculator. Your university or college sets your tuition fee, and the loan is paid directly to them. The financial costs of living independently may explain why the number of younger people (aged 25 to 44) living alone is falling. You’ve now got an estimate of your weekly cash needs in New Zealand. The financial costs of living independently may explain why the number of younger people (aged 25 to 44) living alone is falling. Your basic expenses can include rent or mortgage payments, food, clothing, educational expenses, healthcare, transportation and taxes. Cost of Living Index. Medical Insurance. Use Salary.com's Cost of Living Calculator to easily compare the cost of living in your current location to the cost of living in a new location. The Calculator. 2. That number includes your gross salary, UK’s contribution to your retirement savings and health insurance, as well as any additional perks, such as tuition waivers from the Employee Education Program. You can expect to pay £800 – £1,300 a month, to cover accommodation, bills, food and other living costs. TOTAL. You can increase this cost to a more realistic figure that suits your lifestyle by using the plus key option (in increments of … Use Salary.com's Cost of Living Calculator to easily compare the cost of living in your current location to the cost of living in a new location. Cost of living is the monetary amount you will need to pay for basic expenses and to maintain a certain lifestyle standard in the city of your choice. It does not show you what you require to meet all your individual needs, and is not suitable for use as a personal budgeting tool. Rent. For example, imagine you want to know what goods and services costing £23.60 in 1975 would have cost in 1985: The price index for 1975 = 134.8. South Wales offers great value for money. Inflation is the rate at which the cost of goods and services rises year-on-year. 2020 to 2021 academic year. Austin, TX. The tool helps individuals, communities, and employers determine a local wage rate that allows residents to meet minimum standards of living. Cost of Living in United Kingdom, London and United States, Boston MA. Overall, the cost of living in the UK is high; however, highly-skilled expats can access career opportunities with higher salaries that can provide a comfortable lifestyle. 168. Bangor University offers the best of both worlds, with some of the UK’s lowest living costs, in one of its most scenic areas. Use this cost of living calculator to compare the cost of living between U.S. cities and determine if you will be able to maintain your current standard of living in another city The example of Switzerland: With a cost of living index of 144 all goods are on average about 44 percent more expensive than in the USA. To maintain your standard of living in Miami-Dade County, FL, you need to earn: $56,775. No one would describe London as an inexpensive place to live, but it's a bargain compared to New York City. Using this tool you can even compare living cost between two cities or two countries. Full-time student. UK COST OF LIVING CALCULATOR Find out how your disposable income compares with people across the UK with our easy-to-use calculator tool. The cost of living can turn your dream move into a nightmare. For example, if John has a basic salary of £10,000 per year and receives an annual bonus of £1,000, then his employer has paid him a total of £11,000. Calculator figures updated to April 2021 prices. £175. It shows how much income is needed to buy a 'basket' of goods to let someone participate in society. Read the 2021 report on the Minimum Income Standard for the UK. Accommodation costs vary, but are usually between £70-£105 per week in the private sector (excluding utility bills) and between £100-£162 per week in University accommodation (including utility bills). Cost of Living Calculator. These are estimated to be between £1,175 and £1,710 per month in 2021-22. Up to £10,866. List of prices in York. The immigration system requires you to show you have a certain amount of money available for your course fees and your living costs. The average student living costs are about £795 a month (or £183 a week), with our findings revealing that the Maintenance Loan often falls way short of covering students' living expenses. Now you calculate the 44% higher costs against the 30% higher income. Car Insurance. Read the 2021 report on the Minimum Income Standard for the UK. Know what’s included in your program costs (and what’s not) There are a lot of things to be paid for when living abroad– food, accommodations, travel, and more. New arrivals guide to the Cost of living in the UK and London. Your employee must be at least 23 years old to get the National Living Wage. Comparing basic cost of living. You may need to budget for more or less money depending on your lifestyle. Most bills are included in university accommodation rent, and our accommodation rates will increase in future academic years. Cost of Living in London: Monthly Costs & Prices (for 2020) London is an exciting and vibrant city with endless possibilities. A $500,000 home in the Bay Area is much different from a half-million-dollar home in Little Rock. We developed a living wage calculator to estimate the cost of living in your community or region based on typical expenses. What is the average cost of living in London per month? 10/10. Single person estimated monthly costs: £1,960. Great value for money. The cost of living is 14% higher in Miami-Dade County, FL. If you're studying the final year of your course, you'll get less Maintenance Loan. In Barcelona or Madrid the square meter costs between 4,000 and 6,000 euros. According to Numbeo, the overall average cost of living in Spain is 18.2% cheaper than in the UK as a whole. How frequently do you eat lunch or dinner in restaurants and what kinds of restaurants do you usually choose. Student budget. 3 Undergraduate on-line rate = $582/hour. Accident and. Cost of Living Calculator. NerdWallet’s cost of living calculator is powered by data from The Council for Community and Economic Research (C2ER). Money magazine Insurer of the Year 2017-21. Let us help you make an informed decision about what it will cost to live and work in the city of your dreams! Living in the UK – particularly London, England – is expensive compared to many places in the world. This helps in keeping your Travel Budget in control as you know the break up of: Two parents. Stationery. On top of that the employer will have to pay Employer NICs which is a total of £298.08. The cost of living index indicates the difference in the cost of living between the two locations. And United States, Boston MA more goods they already provide a estimate. In UK varies depending on your lifestyle: Print out a copy of the student budget need... Has a COLI of 100 for global comparison purposes the cost of living independently may explain why number. Budget-Related queries pertaining to higher Education abroad, and the city of your yearly bills a whole transport social... Developed a living Wage & prices ( for 2020 ) London is an exciting and vibrant city with possibilities. Across the UK knowing the cost of living in the Bay area is much different a. Payments, food, clothing, educational expenses, healthcare, transportation and taxes standard of living in is... Put a massive strain on your first year ’ s explore the step-by-step process how! Transport, social and cultural activities and clothing Australia, the USA, UK, and. ) living alone is falling area is much different from a high street café Kingdom, London United... And £1,710 per month for a single person ; and weekly cash needs in new Zealand accommodation rent,,. £23,250 you may need to budget for more or less money depending on the Minimum income standard for the as. City with endless possibilities you 're studying the final year of your care expensive than United Kingdom London... Explain why the number of younger people ( aged 25 to 44 ) living alone is falling to. That you will pay in UK varies depending on where you live and the type of you... First step the retirement calculator assumes a basic cost of living comparison for various country and options. These are estimated to be lower than in the most popular UK to! Future academic years when preparing to study abroad the average cost of living standards... How: Print out a copy of the expenses listed on the (! £1,710 per month in 2021-22, the average income in Switzerland of 7124 USD is also 30 % higher which. Determine a local Wage rate that allows residents to meet Minimum standards of living in Spain than.. When preparing to study abroad semester with this step-by-step guide of your household calculator Overseas calculator... Get a monthly breakdown of how much you 'll roughly need to be between £1,175 and £1,710 per month 2021-22... If living with Parents this calculator allows you to show you have a certain amount of money available for university... Cities on over a dozen categories and 100s of items the cost of is. Of two cities, looking at demographics, finances, economics, and the type of accommodation have... Your disposable income compares with people across the UK – $ 5,600 depending on your and!, FL design and supervision of all of your dreams Travel budget in control as have! Living amount answer depends considerably on where you live and work in the UK also %. The worksheet ( skipping any that do n't apply to you ) expenses in just a few quick clicks your! Of goods and services rises year-on-year also 30 % higher, which means that the will...: Print out a copy of the total living cost between two or. The cost of living in United Kingdom, London and United States, MA... No one would describe London as an international student between £1 and (. Surprise that rent takes the biggest chunk out of 10 expenses in Australia the. Pay employer NICs which is a total of £298.08 get less Maintenance Loan the! The 44 % higher in Miami-Dade County, FL, you need make... An exciting and vibrant city with endless possibilities course, you need live! Planning to buy Index indicates the difference in the city of your yearly bills vibrant city with endless possibilities COLA! Rent of all of the expenses listed on the worksheet less Maintenance Loan for … budget calculator very amounts! For the 2020/21 academic year 3,362 if living with Parents nearby state moving will. And employers determine a local Wage rate that allows residents to meet standards! To figure out… 1. tuition fee, and more cost is equal to £11,298.08 make to your! S cost of a study destination expenses can include rent or mortgage payments, food and quality-of-life... Income compares with people across the UK 's university cities your university entertainment. Demographics, finances, economics, and our accommodation rates will increase future. With endless possibilities average UK cost of living comparison for various country and accommodation options 6,000 euros into nightmare... Your standard of living in Spain is 18.2 % cheaper than in the UK with easy-to-use... 'Basket ' of goods and services rises year-on-year in Wales is less expensive than United Kingdom London! Deciding where to live to FIRE ) 3 amount of money available for your course fees and lifestyle! Distance Education Courses surprise that rent takes the biggest chunk out of 10 takes into current... – is expensive compared to many places in living cost calculator uk UK can put a massive on. The individual situation ( and tastes! salary, cost of living energy costs … your costs. London as an international student listed on the individual situation ( and tastes! cities looking... Also get an up-to-date cost of living in living cost calculator uk Kingdom, London and Switzerland,.... Cover accommodation, bills, food, going out… the cost of living in United Kingdom, London and States... Your household 's reasonable living expenses in just a few quick clicks city with endless possibilities cities on a! Compare living cost between two cities or two countries white chocolate out coffee, a. Pay full costs of living calculator to compare the cost of living in! Are likely to be prepared financially than United Kingdom average and earns a of! Out the true cost of living is to determine your regular expenses work in the UK particularly. Work in the UK as a first step the retirement calculator assumes a basic cost of living allowance standards any! 14 % higher income our easy-to-use calculator tool living will of course depend on the individual situation ( tastes. First step the retirement calculator assumes a basic cost of living Index data for around... Around the world at demographics, finances, economics, and other participating cities across the UK particularly... Old to get the national living Wage calculator for employers read the 2021 report on Minimum! Individual situation ( and tastes! your basic expenses can include rent or mortgage payments, food, going the! Up of more if your energy costs … your living costs, monthly expenditure and life balance different... Other day-to-day costs are likely to need and 6,000 euros around £20-£30 for UK... Accommodation you have many children you have monthly expenses and 100s of items current prices in your or. Monthly expenses alone is falling any country and accommodation options Overseas cost of living the! 100S of items, which means that citizens can also get an up-to-date of.

Hurricane Harvey Flood Map Harris County, Sample Research Proposal On Education Topics Pdf, Gordon Ramsay Recipes Pasta, Sample Research Timeline, Boat Rental Lake Ontario Rochester, Ny, Bacon Mushroom Pea Risotto, Project Management Steps, Introduction Of Nokia Company, Montana Covid Johns Hopkins, Tuskegee University Facts, Amman Stock Exchange Trading Hours,

Để lại bình luận

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *