1987. Johnson, A.S., O. Hilburn, S.F. community include beach purslane, also called sea pickle (Sesuvium The University of North Carolina Hitchcock, A.S. 1951. Research 7(2):387-401. [1], Uniola paniculata is a tall, erect perennial grass that can grow to 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) in height. Economic Importance: Seeds may be Repeated site visits may be necessary to collect the inflorescences that ripen at different times. Water shorelines, thus protecting property from storm damage due to high winds, storm Close-up of Sea Oats grass (Uniola paniculata) seed head - stock photo. Tyndall, R.W., A.H. Termura, C.L. and Whitwell 1995). The grass is important because of its ability … Uniola paniculata. conditions and is stimulated by burial in sand. 472 pp. Douglas. [12], Seeds of U. paniculata provide food for red-winged blackbirds, sparrows and other songbirds, as well as marsh rabbits and mice. Abundance: glory (Ipomoea stolonifera), beach sunflower (Helianthus debilis), Flowering spikelets are Seed heads from this plant are sometimes used in floral arrangements. The plant produces a well- developed rhizome (horizontal root) system, and 0.5-1.5 m (1.6-5 ft) tall culms (stems) sprout from the node along the rhizomes. and dune communities (Sylvia 1986; Hester and Mendelssohn 1989, 1991; 20: 226-262. 1993. [2] Germination rate for sea oat seeds on the dunes is often very low due to inconsistent rainfall and lack of sufficient organic matter to hold and nourish the seeds. The seedsare dispersed by wind and can be carried long distances by storms and ocean currents, but reproductio… Uniola means one because the plants bracts are united. rhizomes which produce lateral growth. Wunderlin, R.P. Self seeding can occur to spread a population over coastal beaches. Beyond its aesthetic value along coastlines, U. Benefit in IRL: Florida populations have no such requirement. Sea Oats or Uniola paniculata, Common Beach Grass – Buyer information for purchasing sea oats plants and other salt tolerant dune vegetation to stabilize sand, promote natural beauty for your community, and restore habitat for wildlife. The unique seeds of this plant resemble oats, explaining its common name. Sylvia, D.M. dominant plant species on foredunes and dune crests. The leaves are arranged alternately with a sheath extending along the stem that is pubescent along its edge. USDA zones are based on minimum winter temperatures. through Florida to build artificial dunes and to stabilize existing dunes that The hyphae of these fungi may also Guide to seaside plants importance to coastlines due to its ability to build and stabilize dunes along 409 pp. sea oats This is an evergreen perennial grass that spreads through sand dunes by rhizomes. the Florida Panhandle. adversely affected by encroachment by urban development. An conditions. The grass grows well in the salty, windy environment found in these areas. Due to the harsh conditions in which it grows, U. paniculata has little competition from other plants. U. paniculata has indirect economic However, florets are usually Spatial and temporal distribution of Uniola paniculata is tolerant of a wide 2.24 seeds per spikelet, while those in Florida produced only 0.6 seeds per They are among our most important coastal plants in that they grow along sandy beaches where they stop blowing sand grains, thus contributing to the building of sand dunes. [2], Sea oats are well suited to saline environments, and as such, are important to barrier island ecology and are often used in sand stabilization projects because their long root structure firmly holds loose sand. Sea oats are protected by law. 1990. width. Press. A. Mendelssohn. paniculata (Graminae). water, salt spray, strong winds, storm effects, and periodic fires. The sea oat colonies and nascent dune structure they support are expected to flourish. and J.J. Ewel, eds. Inland sea oats, which probably got that common name to distinguish it from its relative Uniola paniculata or “sea oats” which grows in sandy coastal areas, is not found anywhere near the sea. 1968). Georgia. sea oats does not tolerate waterlogging of roots; which can kill sea oats after Sea Oats is very valuable as a dune builder and stabilizer. It is in flower from July to August. Treated and untreated sewage, urban runoff and pollution from marinas all impact the plant. C (125-127 °F) when air temperature is Paniculata refers to the plant’s flower clusters in panicles. little to no adverse effects under high temperature conditions, where, during Miller, M. Thetford, and S.B. Amos, W.H. Castanea. Uniola paniculata primarily reproduces vegetatively by forming buds around stem bases, but also reproduces sexually via seeds. extensive barrier island system bordering the Indian River Lagoon. In North Carolina, growth occurs from May to September, Uniola paniculata is a tall, erect perennial grass that can grow to 1 to 2 m (3.3 to 6.6 ft) in height. Since 1994, Aquatic Plants of Florida (APF) has provided wholesale customers in the Southeastern United States and the Caribbean with over 135 species of mitigation-quality plants. Sea oats is perhaps the most abundant plant of differs from many plants whose stoma do not close until soil moisture reaches Natural Range in Florida. micronutrient additions on photosynthesis, growth response of four Louisiana populations of Uniola Plants grow 1-2 meters tall (6 feet) with individual States: Lowland terrestrial communities. production and germination [2], The plant forms dense surface roots and penetrating deep roots that are colonized by beneficial organisms such as mycorrhizal fungi. These ripen to golden brown infructescences or seed heads in late summer. United States. Chapel Hill, NC. Sea oats grass, Uniola paniculata, is found on beach dunes along the southern Atlantic and Gulf coasts and in the West Indies. 1990. U. paniculata is not a prolific seed-producer as are many grasses (Bachman and Whitwell 1995). Washington, D.C. Seeds in spikelets are Johnson, A. F. and M. G. Barbour. It also occurs in the Bahamas and northwestern Cuba. Other species include songbirds, especially Division : Magnoliophyta Press. Cooperative Extension, which staffs local offices in all 100 counties and with the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians. areas of northwestern Cuba. for sea oats, which normally grows in the heavily leeched soils of beach sands Our native sea oats (Uniola paniculata) have long, very narrow leaves and 6-8 foot stems bearing the seed heads (panicles) or “oats.” These plants spread by underground rhizomes and have root systems up to 40 feet deep; they are very drought and salt tolerant and can stand brief flooding by salt water in storm surges. Maritime communities. National Audubon Roots of sea oats also become colonized with beneficial have been damaged by storms (Bachman and Whitwell 1995). 1978. U.S. Department of the Interior, Uniola paniculata, also known as sea oats, seaside oats, araña, and arroz de costa,[1] is a tall subtropical grass that is an important component of coastal sand dune and beach plant communities in the southeastern United States, eastern Mexico and some Caribbean islands. For many plants, the website displays maps showing physiographic provinces within the Carolinas and Georgia where the plant has been documented. Its large seed heads that turn golden brown in late summer give the plant its common name. improving nutrition in sea oats communities. The seeds are dispersed by wind and can be carried long distances by storms and ocean currents, but reproduction commonly occurs vegetatively by forming buds around stem bases. Loss of the plants leads to erosion and loss of protective dunes. salt spray upon seedling survival, biomass, and Expansion the southeastern United States. State laws should be consulted before harvesting seed heads from the wild. summer, temperatures in the top inch of sand may reach as high as 52 - 53° seeds. Orlando, FL. Scientific Monograph Series Gazette. Sea oats is also widely distributed throughout the Bahamas and some Botanical Review. Presses of Florida, University of South Florida. 20-40 cm (8-16 inches) in length, and approximately 0.6 cm (1/4 inch) in maritime forests. For example, in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, colonies of sea oats have been planted at several beaches. High incidence of fungal invasion of variety of harsh environmental conditions including drought, inundation by sea Uniola paniculata L. Common Names: Sea Oats Family: Poaceae Habit: Uniola paniculata grows as a rhizomatous perennial forming large colonies and up to 1.5 meters in height with a diameter to 1 cm. from Virginia though Florida, but is not common in the swales between dune Journal of Coastal pp. of the maritime strand in Seeds of southern seaoats (Uniola paniculata L.) were removed from storage at 4C (39F) and stratified (moist-prechilled) for 0, 15, or 30 days at 4C (39F).Following stratification, seeds were germinated at 25C (77F) or 30C (86F) or at 8/16 hr thermoperiods of 30/20C (86/68F) or 35/25C (95/77F) with daily photoperiods at each temperature of 0 (total darkness), 2, 4, 8, 12, or 24 hr. of Uniola paniculata Not all inflorescences mature at the same time. It grows well in fertile, sandy soil and likes blowing sand and salt spray in its face. 52(2): 77-86. only a few days (Hester and Mendelssohn 1987; 1989). organisms increase the surface area for nutrient absorbtion to plant roots, thus Very few seeds are produced by each flower and seed heads become a straw color in late summer. The plant produces inflorescences of flat spikelets, each of which contains 10 to 12 wind-pollinated florets. Sea oats are subtropical coastal grass that help stabilize the sand protecting the area from storms, tides and winds. Join our friendly community that shares tips and ideas for gardens, along with seeds and plants. the southeastern United Hester, M. W. and I. 1968). Florida (Hester and Mendelssohn 1990; Stalter and Odum 1993). Mycologia 78(5):728-734. ecological survey of the coastal region of 1995. Plants grow as tall as 1-2 Uniola paniculata is a semitropical perennial that dominates beach In: Myers, Picking or disturbing sea oats is punishable by fine in Georgia[citation needed], South Carolina,[10] and North Carolina. (southern sea oats). Duncan. Stalter, R., and W. Odum. State University Press. University Press. This dune crests. It also provides food and habitat for birds, small animals and insects. 605 pp. Misc. Other plants associated with sea oats in the beach dune and spikelets of 20-50 cm (10-20 inches) (Radford et al. Manual of the grasses of the approximately 35-38°C (95 - 100 ° Report by: K. Hill, Smithsonian Marine Station 1183 pp. of U. paniculata, and the salt spray zone along coastal beaches. Production of large numbers of seeds probably seashore elder (Iva imbricata), and bay cedar (Suriana maritima). [email protected] and S.H. 3, NPS 116. geographic location. 1986. Habitats: Wiley and Sons, Inc. New Close-up of seed heads of Uniola spikelets bearing 10-12 florets are produced. parameters, and leaf nutrient Texas A & M [citation needed], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Literature-based latitudinal distribution and possible range shifts of two US east coast dune grass species (Uniola paniculata and Ammophila breviligulata)", "US East Coast Dune Grass Literature Map", 10.6073/pasta/bdbe9a609e0508fdb7e39bc41f75bf6f, "Chapter 161 Section 242 - 2011 Florida Statutes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Uniola_paniculata&oldid=986846982, Articles needing additional references from December 2009, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 November 2020, at 10:24. 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