<< /Type /Page % ÎA¼ßûjlºÃ´÷Ô* ög@ÕAÍ#Ó=Ǧº}S,;rÌìÈ)yàM×o]ÛTæ©GxÓ r*¶oÝÞðn9îäÑ6¥°c7=UàrÁ÷BÓaI¡çZÓ ûÑ! INTRODUCTION P. 2 2. /MediaBox [0 0 595.2199707031 842] 7 0 obj /Contents 10 0 R /CropBox [0 0 595.2199707031 842] Process Principles Learning Outcomes 7.1 Know each phase of the aerobic composting process and how to manage it. %���� /MediaBox [0 0 595.2199707031 842] Benefits of Aerobic Hot Composting 1. This paper investigates possibility of The composting process and management COMPAG TECHNOLOGIES INTERNATIONAL Page 1 THE COMPOSTING BIOTECHNOLOGY : A MICROBIAL AEROBIC SOLID SUBSTRATE FERMENTATION COMPLEX PROCESS Dr Trello BEFFA MADEP SA, PO. 7.3 Know the importance of pH during the process and how to manage it. /Type /Page /Contents 13 0 R /Rotate 0 Composting is the controlled aerobic biological de-composition of organic matter into a stable, humus-like product called compost. /Thumb 14 0 R << Key words: Composting, aerobic, anaerobic, microorganisms, degradation. Products resulted from composting: /Parent 2 0 R /Type /Page During the first days of composting, easily degradable components << Performance of two-phase anaerobic high solid digestion 49 Table 19. /Contents 7 0 R 2.1 Motivation Almost everywhere, people are generating massive amounts of waste that ends up sitting in landfills. endobj /Rotate 0 >> 2 0 obj /Resources 18 0 R composting can be divided into three phases, based on the temperature of the pile: (1) a mesophilic, or moderate-temperature phase ... needed by aerobic microorganisms. This article provides a comprehensive review on aerobic composting remediation of soil contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). For aerobic composting (taking place in the presence of oxygen), the maximum moisture content should be kept at a level that allows the whole composting process to be aerobic. f) In-vessel composting: Features a closed system such as a building or large metal containers in which temperature and airflow can be controlled. /MediaBox [0 0 595.2199707031 842] Carbon from organic compounds is used as asource of energy while nitrogen is recycled. Aerobic (composting) www.fibl.org Introduction to composting and anaerobic digestion, Tartu, Nov. 2012, jf Introduction (what is compost, what is digestate) › What means composting ? Aerobic Composting Revision Summary Page 12 of 15 7. /Length 19 0 R /Rotate 0 Composition of MSW used in the enzymatic enhancement of bioconversion ofMSW 50 Table 20. >> Aerobic Composting •Composting is the decomposition of organic wastes in the presence of oxygen (air); products from this process include CO 2, NH 3, water and heat. Aerobic composting is the process by which organic wastes are converted into compost or manure in presence of air.In this process, aerobic microorganisms break down organic matter and produce carbon dioxide, ammonia, water, heat and humus, the relatively stable organic end-product. /Parent 2 0 R %PDF-1.4 Organic matter is turned into compost by micro-organisms living in the composting material (biomass). /CropBox [0 0 595.2199707031 842] /Parent 2 0 R •This can be used to treat any type of organic waste but, effective composting requires the right blend of ingredients and conditions. >> Aerobic composting is the creation of fertilizing compost that relies on bacteria that thrive in an oxygen-rich environment. << /StructParents 133 /Type /Pages A minimum oxygen concen-tration of 5% within the pore spaces of the compost is necessary for aerobic composting. Microscopic endobj endobj Composting can be carried out in two ways i.e., aerobically and anaerobically. /Thumb 8 0 R Where the supply of O is not sufficient, the growth of aerobic micro-organisms is limited, resulting in slower decomposition. Aerobic and anaerobic digestion methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. If the proper amounts of food (carbon), nutrients, water and air are provided, aerobic organisms will dominate the compost pile and decompose the raw organic materials /Pages 2 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode During aerobic composting aerobic micro-organisms oxidise organic compounds to Carbon di oxide, Nitrite and Nitrate. Cnªc3T7>Z³Ë8-D7Õ£ØBú´øW°ÙySuç.´6*!\¦ÁØ´[óÜëT®?øk\[ÐÆÁÁµ²æH|ë4éiÜ&ü÷æo÷E±²¥QQz² éýâiñíæÂ[Ú(/LG Ù ª®fU×¢êÛûï6VÁ7aDyðÑ:0÷oÿzwÿÝýÛ÷ÃUæönóþÇ»p¹Ô7aJÂÐF6¸½Ç¬iKÓßñôÖ9IÎJcfR>È®}ÇIì´ ÀNÀà ìÜ6\C}@GI`¹gÚX]¦y´NÍ2áÞ-bvCÅÍϤa²µ¹ü/kdÚ,!ÈmAJ]è]¨ÞYg¢:¦Yd×kKêϱCÊÇi:;"3,áZ¡+9eË[ZH»GïßýóíFçîïf[ËWb8ÐrýKc{lNp°Bq. Aerobic composting. /StructParents 134 The opposite of this, without air, is anaerobic composting. /Rotate 0 The process involves decomposition of organic material into a humus-like material, known as compost, which is a good fertilizer for plants. The composting process can be optimised by controlling Anaerobic Composting Methods. Aerobic composting is decomposition of organic matter using microorganisms that require oxygen. It is different from anaerobic composting, which relies on bacteria that can’t thrive in the presence of oxygen. Aerobic composting is the most efficient form of decomposition, and produces finished compost in the shortest time. Many tropical farming systems have been evolved during last few decades and Aeration is the source of O, and, thus, indispensable for aerobic composting. Aerobic composting requires large amounts of O, particularly at the initial stage. 7.2 Know the monitoring and control requirements for the aerobic composting process. In developing nations MSW treatment process are not well developed and traditional dumping practices are adopted for waste management. /Count 4 /Resources 12 0 R >> >> When the compost pile cools down, it may mean two things: (1) composting is complete or (2) anaerobic organisms have taken over your compost pile….which means you need to mix the pile to keep oxygen circulating enough to encourage aerobic microbes to start working again. >> Composting is most efficient when the major parameters -- oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, mois-ture and temperature -- which affect the composting process are properly managed. Essentials of Aerobic Composting Complete and effective composting is much like using a recipe for making a cake. << Unlike aerobic composting, the pile will not heat up. 3 0 obj Also sizeable amount of sludge is produced in aerobic method. 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